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Concentration terms (molarity, molality, mole fraction, ppm) and dilution

36 questions on Concentration terms (molarity, molality, mole fraction, ppm) and dilution from the Mole Concept chapter: 7 NEET level, 15 JEE Main, 14 JEE Advanced. Each one opens with its answer and solution.

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4 g of NaOH (40 g/mol) is dissolved in water to make 500 mL of solution. Its molarity is NEET level
100 mL of 2.0 M HCl is diluted with water to a total volume of 500 mL. The new molarity is NEET level
A solution contains 46 g of ethanol (46 g/mol) and 36 g of water (18 g/mol). The mole fraction of ethanol is NEET level
A 500 g sample of water contains 2.5 mg of fluoride ions. The concentration in ppm (by mass) is NEET level
18 g of glucose (180 g/mol) is dissolved in 250 g of water. The molality of the solution is JEE Main level
Concentrated sulfuric acid is 98% H2SO4 by mass with density 1.84 g/mL. Taking H2SO4=98 g/mol, its molarity is JEE Main level
200 mL of 0.50 M HCl is mixed with 300 mL of 1.0 M HCl (volumes additive). The molarity of the mixture is JEE Main level
A 2.00 M aqueous solution of NaCl (58.5 g/mol) has density 1.08 g/mL. Its molality is closest to JEE Main level
100 mL of 0.20 M Al2(SO4)3 is mixed with 150 mL of 0.10 M Na2SO4 (volumes additive, no reaction). Find the molarity of SO4^2- in the mixture, to two decimals. JEE Main level
6.0 mL of 0.40 M CuSO4 solution is diluted with water to 2.0 L (take the density of the dilute solution as 1.00 g/mL). Taking Cu=63.5, find the concentration of... JEE Main level
Which of the following aqueous solutions has a molarity of 0.50 M? (Molar masses in g/mol: NaOH 40, H2SO4 98, Na2CO3 106, NaCl 58.5.) JEE Main level
An aqueous urea (CO(NH2)2, 60 g/mol) solution is 3.0 M and has density 1.05 g/mL. Taking water as 18 g/mol, the mole fraction of urea is JEE Advanced level
To prepare 500 mL of 0.50 M H2SO4 (98 g/mol), what volume of concentrated acid (98% by mass, density 1.84 g/mL) must be diluted? JEE Advanced level
One litre (taken as 1 kg) of a hard water sample contains 55.5 mg of CaCl2 (111 g/mol) and 95 mg of MgCl2 (95 g/mol). Hardness is expressed as ppm of CaCO3 (100... JEE Advanced level
200 mL of 0.30 M BaCl2 is mixed with 300 mL of 0.25 M Na2SO4 and the insoluble BaSO4 is formed completely (volumes additive, ignore solubility). Find the concen... JEE Advanced level
An aqueous NaOH solution (40 g/mol) is 2.50 m (molal) and has density 1.15 g/mL. Find its molarity in mol/L, to two decimals. JEE Advanced level
An aqueous H2SO4 solution (98 g/mol) is 4.9% by mass and has density 1.03 g/mL. Choose the correct statement(s). (Water 18 g/mol.) JEE Advanced level
A 0.10 M solution of NaOH (40 g/mol) is required. Which procedure(s) give this concentration? (Volumes are additive.) JEE Advanced level
4 g of NaOH (M = 40) is dissolved in water to make 250 mL of solution. Its molarity is NEET level
A solution contains 1 mol of ethanol and 4 mol of water. The mole fraction of ethanol is NEET level
50 mL of a 2 M solution is diluted with water to a final volume of 200 mL. The molarity of the diluted solution is NEET level
The molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 36 g of glucose (M=180) in 400 g of water is JEE Main level
Concentrated sulphuric acid is 98% H2SO4 by mass with density 1.84 g mL^-1 (M=98). Its molarity is JEE Main level
200 mL of 0.5 M HCl is mixed with 300 mL of 0.2 M HCl (volumes additive). The molarity of the mixture is JEE Main level
A water sample of mass 2.4 kg contains 5.5 mg of dissolved lead. Express the lead concentration in ppm by mass, to two decimal places. JEE Main level
A solution is made from 23 g of ethanol (C2H5OH, M=46) and 90 g of water (M=18). Find the mole fraction of ethanol multiplied by 100, to two decimal places. JEE Main level
To 100 mL of 0.6 M NaCl solution, water is added until the molarity becomes 0.25 M. Assuming volumes are additive, how many mL of water must be added? Give the ... JEE Main level
An aqueous urea solution (M=60) is 2.0 molal and has density 1.03 g mL^-1. Find its molarity in mol L^-1, to two decimal places. JEE Main level
Which of the following concentration terms do not change with temperature for a given aqueous solution (ignore evaporation)? JEE Main level
The mole fraction of the solute in a 2.0 molal aqueous solution is (H2O=18) JEE Advanced level
A commercial nitric acid is 68% HNO3 by mass with density 1.41 g mL^-1 (M=63). The volume of this acid needed to prepare 500 mL of 0.50 M HNO3 is JEE Advanced level
A 3.00 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 (M=98) has density 1.18 g mL^-1. Find its molality in mol kg^-1, to two decimal places. JEE Advanced level
250 mL of 0.20 M NaCl is mixed with 350 mL of 0.15 M CaCl2 (volumes additive, complete dissociation). Find the concentration of chloride ions in mmol/L, to the ... JEE Advanced level
50 mL of 0.10 M AgNO3 is mixed with 50 mL of 0.060 M BaCl2 (volumes additive; Ag=108, Cl=35.5). Treat AgCl as completely insoluble. Which statements are correct... JEE Advanced level
An aqueous NaOH solution is 20% by mass and has density 1.22 g mL^-1 (NaOH=40, H2O=18). Which statements are correct? JEE Advanced level
100 mL of 0.50 M H2SO4 is mixed with 400 mL of 0.30 M NaOH (volumes additive, complete neutralisation of H+ by OH-). Which statements are correct? JEE Advanced level