JEE Advanced levelSingle correct optionDifficulty 3 of 3pt103
The Si−Si bond length in silicon is 235pm and the Cl−Cl bond length in chlorine is 199pm. The simple additive covalent radii predict an Si−Cl bond length of 217.0pm, yet the measured value in SiClX4 is 202pm. The best interpretation is:
Athe additive value should be the sum of the two bond lengths, 434pm, so the measured value is far too small
Bthe measured bond is shorter than the additive value because the electronegativity difference gives the bond polar (partly ionic) character
Cthe measured bond is longer because covalent radii are not additive for any bond
Dthe measured bond is shorter because silicon has lost all its valence electrons in SiClX4
Answer: B
Covalent radii: r(Si)=235/2=117.5 and r(Cl)=199/2=99.5 pm, giving a sum of 217.0 pm. The observed 202 pm is shorter by 15.0 pm, which arises from the electronegativity difference between Si and Cl making the bond polar.