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JEE Main levelSingle correct optionDifficulty 2 of 3o3080

Sodium azide reacts with 1-bromobutane about to times faster in DMF than in methanol. The main reason is that

  1. ADMF ionises 1-bromobutane to a carbocation, which then reacts with azide
  2. BDMF has a much lower dielectric constant than methanol, so is completely ion-paired and unreactive in methanol
  3. Cmethanol hydrogen bonds to azide ion and lowers its energy, whereas DMF solvates but leaves azide poorly solvated and more reactive
  4. DDMF hydrogen bonds to azide ion more strongly than methanol does, which makes the azide more reactive

Answer: C

Methanol donates hydrogen bonds to the anion, stabilising the ground state and raising the activation barrier. DMF has no O-H or N-H bond, so it solvates the cation through its oxygen while the anion stays poorly solvated and high in energy, which lowers the barrier. A primary substrate does not ionise, and the dielectric constants of the two solvents are similar (about 37 and 33).
Practice Organic Reaction Mechanisms III: Nucleophilic Substitution More on SN1 vs SN2: substrate, nucleophile, solvent, leaving group

More questions on SN1 vs SN2: substrate, nucleophile, solvent, leaving group