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JEE Main levelOne or more correct optionsDifficulty 2 of 3o2139

Which of the following substituents are ortho/para directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

A $- COOH$
B $- NHCOCH X_{3}$
C $- CF X_{3}$
D $- Cl$

Answer: B, D

Amido nitrogen and halogen lone pairs stabilise the o/p arenium ions through resonance, so -NHCOCH3 and -Cl direct ortho/para. The

- CF X_{3}

and

- COOH

groups are strongly electron-withdrawing and meta directing.

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