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JEE Advanced levelOne or more correct optionsDifficulty 3 of 3hx108

Which of the following statements about the electrophilic substitution of chlorobenzene are correct?

  1. AChlorine is ortho/para directing because of its effect.
  2. BFriedel-Crafts acylation with / gives mainly the para product.
  3. CNitration gives mainly 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene.
  4. DChlorobenzene is less reactive than benzene toward nitration.

Answer: A, B, D

The lone pair of Cl stabilises ortho and para attack through resonance, so it is ortho/para directing, but its strong effect makes the ring less reactive than benzene overall. Steric hindrance favours the para product in acylation. The meta isomer is only a minor product of nitration.
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