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JEE Main levelOne or more correct optionsDifficulty 2 of 3g1086

Which of the following groups, when attached to a benzene ring, show a -M (negative mesomeric) effect?

A $- COOH$
B $- OH$
C $- CN$
D $- NO X_{2}$

Answer: A, C, D

The groups

- NO X_{2}

,

- CN

and

- COOH

all have a multiple bond to an electronegative atom conjugated with the ring, so they withdraw pi electrons (-M).

- OH

has lone pairs and donates them (+M).

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