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Actinoids show a wider range of oxidation states than lanthanoids mainly because

  1. Athe electrons are tightly held and never take part in bonding
  2. Bthe orbitals lie deep inside the core
  3. Cactinoids have a smaller nuclear charge
  4. Dthe , and orbitals are of comparable energy

Answer: D

In the early actinoids the , and energies are close, so electrons from all three can be used in bonding. In lanthanoids is buried and rarely used, so mostly +3 is seen.
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