Answer: A, B, C
Zinc inserts into C-Br of BrCHX2COOR to give a zinc enolate. This enolate is the nucleophile and adds to the aldehyde or ketone C=O, while the ester group in the reagent is untouched. Mild acid work-up gives the beta-hydroxy ester. The carbonyl compound is the electrophile, so statement 4 is false.