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JEE Advanced levelOne or more correct optionsDifficulty 3 of 3pl171

Which of the following effects result from vulcanising natural rubber with about 3-5 percent sulfur? (One or more options may be correct.)

  1. AThe sticky, easily softened character is reduced and the useful temperature range widens.
  2. BThe material becomes fully soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene.
  3. CElasticity is retained, because only a small fraction of sites is cross-linked.
  4. DTensile strength and hardness increase.

Answer: A, C, D

Sulfur cross-links tie the chains together, which raises strength and hardness and widens the temperature range; at 3-5 percent sulfur the network is loose, so elasticity remains. A cross-linked network can only swell, not dissolve, in non-polar solvents.
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