In which of the following reactions is the major ring-substituted product the meta isomer?

Achlorobenzene with $HNO X_{3}$ / $H X_{2} SO X_{4}$
Bbenzoic acid with $HNO X_{3}$ / $H X_{2} SO X_{4}$
Cacetophenone with $HNO X_{3}$ / $H X_{2} SO X_{4}$
Dbenzonitrile with $Br X_{2}$ / $FeBr X_{3}$

Answer: B, C, D

- COOH

- CN

and

- COCH X_{3}

are meta directing, since they withdraw electrons by -I and -M effects. Chlorine is an o/p director, so chlorobenzene gives mostly the para and ortho isomers.

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In which of the following reactions is the major ring-substituted product the meta isomer?

Answer: B, C, D

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