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Which of the following compounds is the most reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution?

  1. ANitrobenzene
  2. BChlorobenzene
  3. CPhenol
  4. DBenzene

Answer: C

The -OH group donates its lone pair into the ring (+M effect) and strongly activates it. Benzene is the reference, while the -Cl and -NO2 substituents deactivate the ring, so phenol is the most reactive.
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