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JEE Advanced levelSingle correct optionDifficulty 3 of 3g1107

Arrange in decreasing order of basicity: (I) 4-aminopyridine, (II) 3-aminopyridine, (III) pyridine, (IV) 4-nitropyridine.

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

Answer: B

The ring nitrogen is protonated in each case. The group at C-4 can push its lone pair to the ring nitrogen (+M), strongly raising basicity. At C-3 it cannot conjugate with the ring nitrogen, so only a weak effect operates. Pyridine is unsubstituted, while the nitro group at C-4 withdraws electrons by -M and -I, making it the weakest base. The order is I > II > III > IV.
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