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JEE Advanced levelOne or more correct optionsDifficulty 3 of 3g1054

Which statements about resonance are correct?

AThe contributing structures are in rapid equilibrium with each other.
BThe average C-O bond order in the carbonate ion is $1.5$ .
CThe resonance hybrid is lower in energy than any single contributing structure.
DAll contributing structures have the same positions of the nuclei.

Answer: C, D

A hybrid is more stable than any contributor, and all contributors keep the same nuclear positions. Contributors are not real species in equilibrium. The C-O bond order in carbonate is

(1 + 1 + 2) /3 = 1.33

, not

1.5

.

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