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The ground-state electronic configuration of chromium ( $Z = 24$ ) is

A $[Ar] 3 d^{3} 4 s^{2} 4 p^{1}$
B $[Ar] 3 d^{4} 4 s^{2}$
C $[Ar] 3 d^{5} 4 s^{1}$
D $[Ar] 3 d^{6}$

Answer: C

Half-filled

3 d

and

4 s

subshells give extra exchange stabilisation, so one

4 s

electron shifts into

3 d

. Hence chromium is

[Ar] 3 d^{5} 4 s^{1}

, not

3 d^{4} 4 s^{2}

.

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